##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
This study stems from the increasing number of teenagers who deviate from Islamic religious education, thus requiring a model and approach to Islamic religious education that can shape the morals, character, and attitudes of teenagers for the better. The purpose of this study is to determine what models and approaches can be used for Islamic religious education for teenagers at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Solok. This research is quantitative in nature, with data collected through online interviews and observations. The results show a high level of agreement that Islamic religious education can prevent juvenile delinquency, with 21 out of 50 respondents (42%) strongly agreeing and 30 respondents (60%) stating that PAI plays an important role in shaping morals. In addition, 40 respondents (80%) strongly agreed that the PAI approach made learning more effective and increased student engagement. A total of 25 respondents (50%) strongly agreed that families and communities play a major role in character building in accordance with Islamic values. Overall, the data showed a positive correlation between the application of the PAI approach and increased involvement and character building, thus proving that Islamic religious education is effective as a model for shaping youth character.
Keywords
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
- Aceto, G., Persico, V., & Pescapé, A. (2018). The role of Information and Communication Technologies in healthcare: Taxonomies, perspectives, and challenges. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 107, 125–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2018.02.008
- Allen, J., Rowan, L., & Singh, P. (2020). Teaching and teacher education in the time of COVID-19. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 48(3), 233–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2020.1752051
- Aucejo, E. M., French, J., Ugalde Araya, M. P., & Zafar, B. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on student experiences and expectations: Evidence from a survey. Journal of Public Economics, 191, 104271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104271
- Auerbach, R. P., Mortier, P., Bruffaerts, R., Alonso, J., Benjet, C., Cuijpers, P., Demyttenaere, K., Ebert, D. D., Green, J. G., Hasking, P., Murray, E., Nock, M. K., Pinder-Amaker, S., Sampson, N. A., Stein, D. J., Vilagut, G., Zaslavsky, A. M., Kessler, R. C., & WHO WMH-ICS Collaborators. (2018). WHO World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Project: Prevalence and distribution of mental disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127(7), 623–638. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000362
- Bronstein, M. V., Pennycook, G., Bear, A., Rand, D. G., & Cannon, T. D. (2019). Belief in fake news is associated with delusionality, dogmatism, religious fundamentalism, and reduced analytic thinking. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 8(1), 108–117. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0101832
- Campbell, D. E., Layman, G. C., Green, J. C., & Sumaktoyo, N. G. (2018). Putting Politics First: The Impact of Politics on American Religious and Secular Orientations. American Journal of Political Science, 62(3), 551–565. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12365
- Chen, Y., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2018). Associations of Religious Upbringing With Subsequent Health and Well-Being From Adolescence to Young Adulthood: An Outcome-Wide Analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 187(11), 2355–2364. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwy142
- Cheung, K.-F., & Bell, M. G. H. (2021). Attacker–defender model against quantal response adversaries for cyber security in logistics management: An introductory study. European Journal of Operational Research, 291(2), 471–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2019.10.019
- Chung, E., Subramaniam, G., & Christ Dass, L. (2020). Online Learning Readiness Among University Students in Malaysia Amidst Covid-19. Asian Journal of University Education, 16(2), 45. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v16i2.10294
- Departmrnt of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of medicine, Mu’tah University, Jordan., Alzoubi, H., Alnawaiseh, N., Community Medicine and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan., Al-Mnayyis, A., Department of clinical sciences, College of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Shafiq Irshidat St, Irbid 21163, Jordan, Abu- Lubad, M., Departmrnt of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of medicine, Mu’tah University, Jordan., Aqel, A., Departmrnt of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of medicine, Mu’tah University, Jordan, Al-Shagahin, H., & Department of Special Surgery, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan.. (2020). COVID-19—Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Medical and Non-Medical University Students in Jordan. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 14(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.14.1.04
- Efrati, Y. (2019). God, I Can’t Stop Thinking About Sex! The Rebound Effect in Unsuccessful Suppression of Sexual Thoughts Among Religious Adolescents. The Journal of Sex Research, 56(2), 146–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2018.1461796
- Fernandes, E., Holanda, M., Victorino, M., Borges, V., Carvalho, R., & Erven, G. V. (2019). Educational data mining: Predictive analysis of academic performance of public school students in the capital of Brazil. Journal of Business Research, 94, 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.02.012
- Freedman, L. S., Midthune, D., Arab, L., Prentice, R. L., Subar, A. F., Willett, W., Neuhouser, M. L., Tinker, L. F., & Kipnis, V. (2018). Combining a Food Frequency Questionnaire With 24-Hour Recalls to Increase the Precision of Estimation of Usual Dietary Intakes—Evidence From the Validation Studies Pooling Project. American Journal of Epidemiology, 187(10), 2227–2232. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwy126
- Gao, W., Ping, S., & Liu, X. (2020). Gender differences in depression, anxiety, and stress among college students: A longitudinal study from China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 263, 292–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.121
- Ghazali, E. M., Mutum, D. S., & Ariswibowo, N. (2018). Impact of religious values and habit on an extended green purchase behaviour model. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 42(6), 639–654. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12472
- Hannah, R., Ramani, P., Sherlin, Herald. J., Ranjith, G., Ramasubramanian, A., Jayaraj, G., Don, K. R., & Archana, S. (2018). Awareness about the use, Ethics and Scope of Dental Photography among Undergraduate Dental Students Dentist Behind the lens. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 11(3), 1012. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00189.0
- Hardy, S. A., Nelson, J. M., Moore, J. P., & King, P. E. (2019). Processes of Religious and Spiritual Influence in Adolescence: A Systematic Review of 30 Years of Research. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 29(2), 254–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12486
- Howe, C., Hennessy, S., Mercer, N., Vrikki, M., & Wheatley, L. (2019). Teacher–Student Dialogue During Classroom Teaching: Does It Really Impact on Student Outcomes? Journal of the Learning Sciences, 28(4–5), 462–512. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508406.2019.1573730
- Huang, T., Yang, C., Hsieh, Y., Wang, J., & Hung, C. (2018). Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) applied in dentistry. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 34(4), 243–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2018.01.009
- Indovina, P., Barone, D., Gallo, L., Chirico, A., De Pietro, G., & Giordano, A. (2018). Virtual Reality as a Distraction Intervention to Relieve Pain and Distress During Medical Procedures: A Comprehensive Literature Review. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 34(9), 858–877. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000599
- Isakhan, B., & González Zarandona, J. A. (2018). Layers of religious and political iconoclasm under the Islamic State: Symbolic sectarianism and pre-monotheistic iconoclasm. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 24(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2017.1325769
- Kalt, T. (2022). Agents of transition or defenders of the status quo? Trade union strategies in green transitions. Journal of Industrial Relations, 64(4), 499–521. https://doi.org/10.1177/00221856211051794
- Koenig, H. G. (2020). Ways of Protecting Religious Older Adults from the Consequences of COVID-19. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(7), 776–779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.04.004
- König, J., Jäger-Biela, D. J., & Glutsch, N. (2020). Adapting to online teaching during COVID-19 school closure: Teacher education and teacher competence effects among early career teachers in Germany. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 608–622. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2020.1809650
- Lipson, S. K., Kern, A., Eisenberg, D., & Breland-Noble, A. M. (2018). Mental Health Disparities Among College Students of Color. Journal of Adolescent Health, 63(3), 348–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.04.014
- Lucia, V. C., Kelekar, A., & Afonso, N. M. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among medical students. Journal of Public Health, 43(3), 445–449. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa230
- Mahvi, D. A., Liu, R., Grinstaff, M. W., Colson, Y. L., & Raut, C. P. (2018). Local Cancer Recurrence: The Realities, Challenges, and Opportunities for New Therapies: XXXX. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 68(6), 488–505. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21498
- Mallikarjuna Rao, G., & Gunneswara Rao, T. D. (2018). A quantitative method of approach in designing the mix proportions of fly ash and GGBS-based geopolymer concrete. Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, 16(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2018.1450716
- Mortier, P., Auerbach, R. P., Alonso, J., Bantjes, J., Benjet, C., Cuijpers, P., Ebert, D. D., Green, J. G., Hasking, P., Nock, M. K., O’Neill, S., Pinder-Amaker, S., Sampson, N. A., Vilagut, G., Zaslavsky, A. M., Bruffaerts, R., Kessler, R. C., Boyes, M., Kiekens, G., … Vives, M. (2018). Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among First-Year College Students: Results From the WMH-ICS Project. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 57(4), 263-273.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.01.018
- Mumuni, A. G., Veeck, A., Luqmani, M., Quraeshi, Z. A., & Kamarulzaman, Y. (2018). Religious identity, community and religious minorities’ search efforts for religiously sanctioned food: The case of halal food in non-Muslim majority markets. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 42(6), 586–598. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12423
- O’Brien, B., Shrestha, S., Stanley, M. A., Pargament, K. I., Cummings, J., Kunik, M. E., Fletcher, T. L., Cortes, J., Ramsey, D., & Amspoker, A. B. (2019). Positive and negative religious coping as predictors of distress among minority older adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 34(1), 54–59. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4983
- Okyere-Kwakye, E., & Md Nor, K. (2020). Examining the intentions of a Ghanaian technical university students to use e-library. Digital Library Perspectives, 38(1), 69–87. https://doi.org/10.1108/DLP-05-2020-0034
- Oswalt, S. B., Lederer, A. M., Chestnut-Steich, K., Day, C., Halbritter, A., & Ortiz, D. (2020). Trends in college students’ mental health diagnoses and utilization of services, 2009–2015. Journal of American College Health, 68(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1515748
- Pan, X., & Hamilton, A. F. de C. (2018). Why and how to use virtual reality to study human social interaction: The challenges of exploring a new research landscape. British Journal of Psychology, 109(3), 395–417. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12290
- Patricia Aguilera-Hermida, A. (2020). College students’ use and acceptance of emergency online learning due to COVID-19. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 1, 100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100011
- Quadri, S. A. (2020). COVID-19 and religious congregations: Implications for spread of novel pathogens. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 96, 219–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.007
- Rose, S. (2020). Medical Student Education in the Time of COVID-19. JAMA, 323(21), 2131. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.5227
- Shekhar, P., Prince, M., Finelli, C., Demonbrun, M., & Waters, C. (2019). Integrating quantitative and qualitative research methods to examine student resistance to active learning. European Journal of Engineering Education, 44(1–2), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2018.1438988
- Sintema, E. J. (2020). Effect of COVID-19 on the Performance of Grade 12 Students: Implications for STEM Education. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 16(7). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/7893
- Slater, M. (2018). Immersion and the illusion of presence in virtual reality. British Journal of Psychology, 109(3), 431–433. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12305
- Sun, L., Deng, Y., & Qi, W. (2018). Two impact pathways from religious belief to public disaster response: Findings from a literature review. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 27, 588–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.10.004
- Sverdlik, A., C. Hall, N., McAlpine, L., & Hubbard, K. (2018). The PhD Experience: A Review of the Factors Influencing Doctoral Students’ Completion, Achievement, and Well-Being. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 13, 361–388. https://doi.org/10.28945/4113
- Tüshaus, J., Müller, S. A., Kataka, E. S., Zaucha, J., Sebastian Monasor, L., Su, M., Güner, G., Jocher, G., Tahirovic, S., Frishman, D., Simons, M., & Lichtenthaler, S. F. (2020). An optimized quantitative proteomics method establishes the cell type‐resolved mouse brain secretome. The EMBO Journal, 39(20). https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020105693
- Vicente-Molina, M. A., Fernández-Sainz, A., & Izagirre-Olaizola, J. (2018). Does gender make a difference in pro-environmental behavior? The case of the Basque Country University students. Journal of Cleaner Production, 176, 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.079
- Whitehead, A. L., & Perry, S. L. (2018). Unbuckling the Bible Belt: A State-Level Analysis of Religious Factors and Google Searches for Porn. The Journal of Sex Research, 55(3), 273–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2017.1278736
- Wolterstorff, N. (2018). Acting Liturgically (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805380.001.0001
- Yitmen, Ş., & Verkuyten, M. (2018). Feelings toward refugees and non-Muslims in Turkey: The roles of national and religious identifications, and multiculturalism. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 48(2), 90–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12493
- Yuan, C., Spiegelman, D., Rimm, E. B., Rosner, B. A., Stampfer, M. J., Barnett, J. B., Chavarro, J. E., Rood, J. C., Harnack, L. J., Sampson, L. K., & Willett, W. C. (2018). Relative Validity of Nutrient Intakes Assessed by Questionnaire, 24-Hour Recalls, and Diet Records as Compared With Urinary Recovery and Plasma Concentration Biomarkers: Findings for Women. American Journal of Epidemiology, 187(5), 1051–1063. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx328
- Zhang, L., Yu, J., Zhou, Y., Shen, M., & Sun, L. (2020). Becoming a Faithful Defender: Traditional Chinese Medicine against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 48(04), 763–777. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X2050038X
- Zhou, Y., Tian, L., Zhu, C., Jin, X., & Sun, Y. (2020). Video Coding Optimization for Virtual Reality 360-Degree Source. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 14(1), 118–129. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2019.2957952
- Zolotoy, L., O’Sullivan, D., & Chen, Y. (2019). Local religious norms, corporate social responsibility, and firm value. Journal of Banking & Finance, 100, 218–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2019.01.015